Appendice:Pronunciation de interlingua

In major parte, interlingua pote esser considerate phonemic, assi que cata littera ha un sono. Il ha exceptiones, tal como de digraphos th, ph, rh. Interlingua preserva le etymologic radices de cata parola a facer su signification plus clar.

Le orthographia de interlingua, como su vocabulario, es establite per un consenso del linguas de controlo: anglese, francese, italiano, espaniol, e portugese, con germano e russo como controlos secundari. Solmente le regulas in commun esseva retenite, que duce a un orthographia simple. Le regulas orthographic de Interlingua es trovate in le Interlingua-English Dictionary (IED).

Iste documento contine listas complete de exceptiones a iste regulas. On pote trovar iste vocabulos con indication del pronunciation in le IED.

ch

Le digrapho ch generalmente on pronuncia /k/. Un parve numero de vocabulos ha le pronunciation /sh/ o /tsh/. Iste exceptiones es a basso. Le plus de illos es sequite per un littera in parentheses quadrate [ ], significante que illos es parolas preste. Del resto, le plus es prestes assimilate. Assi, on vide que ver exceptiones al sono /k/ es rar.

Abbreviationes
[A] = anglese
[F] = francese
[G] = germano
[H] = espaniol
[P] = portugese
[R] = russo

VOCABULO	PRONUNCIATION	SYNONYMOS
approchar	aproshar	avicinar, advenir, abordar, approximar se, acceder
artichoc	artishok	(cynara) [L]
attaché [F]	atashé	attaccate, allegate
avalanche [F]	avalansh	(labina) [L]
bolchevismo	bolshevismo	(bolshevism) [A]
brecha[H]	bresha	apertura, trappa,intervallo,interstitio, vacantia
broche [F]	broshe	crampa
brochure [F]	broshur	opuscolo
Cachmir [F]	kashmir	(kashmir) [A]
cartucha [H]	kartusha	.
cauchu [P]	kaushu	gumma, gumma elastica
chacal [H]	shakal	(jackal) [A]
chaco	shako	.
chaise [F]	shaise	sede, sedia
chal [H]	shal	(shawl) [A]
chalet [F]	shalè	villetta
chalupa [H]	shalupa	nave,imbarcation,barca,vascello,navetta
Champagne [F]	shampain	vino spumante effervescente
champignon [F]	shampinyon	fungo
chaperon [F]	shaperon	cavallero,galante,cortese,custode,vigilante,cappucio,accompaniator
chaperonar [F]	shaperonar	accompaniar,harmonisar,vigilar
char à bancs[F	shar-a-bancs	carrossa, cochi
charade [F]	sharade	enigma, logogripho, joco enigmatic
charivari [F]	sharivari	serenada, strepito, clamor
charlatan [F]	sharlatan	fraudator, impostor
charme [F]	sharme	fascino, fascination, attraction
charpa	sharpa	(focale) [L]
chartreuse [F]	shartrose	Cartusia > cartesian, (chartreuse liquor)
chassa	shassa	veneria
chassis [F]	shassis	structura, telario
chauffeur [F]	shofer	taxista, guidator, automobilista
chauvinismo	shovinismo	localismo,spirito de campanil,campanilismo,nationalismo ,fanatismo
chec	tshek	Tchec
Checoslovachia	tshekoslovakia	Tchecoslovachia
chef [F]	shef	conductor,director,coco,gerente,administrator, cocinero,patrono, principal
chenille [F]	shenile	eruca, (tractor a eruca)
cheque [A]	sheke	.
chic [F]	shik	elegante, distincte
chiffonier [F]	shiffoniè	armario,credentia
Chile	tshile	.
chimpanze [P]	shimpanzé	(cimpanze)[Rom], (scimpanzè)[I]
China	shina	(Sina) [L]
chinese	shinese	.
choc [F]	shok	trauma, colpo, urto, scussa electric
choccar	shokar	traumatisar, colpar, batter, percuter
chocolate	shokolate	.
cliché [F]	klishé	negativo, stereotypo
cornichon [F]	kornishon	cucumbretta
crochet [F]	kroshé	uncino, unco, hamo, croc, uncinetto
cochi	koshi	carrossa, diligentia, (coach) [A]
cochinilia	koshinilia	.
tsarevich [R]	tsarevitsh	czarevitch
depeche [F]	depeshe	message, telegramma, missiva
dervich	dervish	(dervish) [A]
ducha	dusha	.
echelon [F]	eshelon	nivello, grado
fetiche [F]	fetishe	(fetish) [A]
fichu [F]	fishu	(subs. cravata), (adj. condemnate, perverse)
flecha [H]	flesha	salice, sagitta
galocha [H]	galosha	(galosh) [A]
hacha [H]	hasha	(ascia) [L]
hachich	hashish	(hashish) [A], (hasisum) [L]
Indochina	indoshina	.
kirschwasser[G]	kirshvasser	brandy de ceresia
lancha [H]	lansha	nave, imbarcation, barca,vascello, navetta
lunch [A]	lantsh	.
lynchar <A>	lintshar	Lege de Lynch, facer justitia summari
manchette [F]	manshette	.
manchu	mantshu	habitante e lingua de Manchuria
Manchukuo	mantshukuo	.
Manchuria	mantshuria	.
marcha [H]	marsha	.
marchar [H]	marshar	camminar, ambular, promenar se, ir a pedes
marechal [F]	mareshal	(marshal) [A]
match [A]	matsh	partita
menchevismo	menshevismo	(menshevism) [A]
niche[F]	nishe	.
nonchalance [F]	nonshalanse	indifferentia
nonchalant [F]	nonshalan	indifferente
percha	persha	.
pluche [F]	plush	(plush) [A]
poncho [H]	pontsho	.
punch[A]	ponsh	biberage alcoholic
putsch [G]	putsh	colpo de stato, usurpation del poter
rancho [H]	rantsho	ferma, cabana, nutrimento militar
reproche [F]	reproshe	blasmo, critica, reprehension, reprobation
sandwich [A]	sandwitsh	.
schooner [A]	shuna o shunr	(goleta)[H], bicario grande pro biber sherry
speech [A]	spitsh	discurso
schottisch [G]	skotish	.
steeplechase[A]	stipeltsheis	cursa de obstaculos
torcha [H]	torsha	(facula) [L]
trenchar [F]	trenshar	taliar
trencho [F]	trensho	talio
trenchea [F]	trenshea	.
yacht [A]	yot o yat	.

ti

Le final -tia, -tia, o -tio generalmente on pronuncia /tsia/, /tsie/, /tsio/. Exceptiones occurre quando le final es precedite per s (o, rarmente, x) e quando le vocal sequente es accentuate. Ecce le lista de iste exceptiones:

VOCABULOS

admixtion,
adustion,
amnestia, amnestiar,
angustia, angustiar, angustiose,
antiaeree, 
antiasthmatic,
antichristian, 
aristocratia,
arithmomantia, 
autocratia,
avocatiero, 
bastion,
bestia, bestial, bestialitate, 
bibliomantia,
bureaucratia, 
caffetiera,
cartiera, 
cartomantia,
catoptromantia, 
celestial,
ceromantia, 
chiromantia,
chocolatiera, 
christian, christiano, 
christianismo, christianitate, 
combustion,
commixtion, 
congestion, congestionar, 
democratia,
digestion, 
diplomatia,
dynastia, 
elephantiasis,
eucharistia, 
exhaustion,
frontiera, 
fructiero,
galimatias, 
galvanoplastia,
garantia, 
garrettiera,
geomantia, 
gerontocratia,
gestion, 
guttiera,
gynecocratia, 
hieromantia, 
idiotia, 
immixtion, 
immodestia, 
indigestion, 
ingestion, 
judeochristian, 
lectiera, 
leontiase, 
mestiero, 
mixtion, 
modestia, 
molestia, 
mosquitiera, 
necromantia, 
nomocratia, 
ochlocratia, 
oneiromantia, 
ornithomantia, 
osteoplastia, 
ostiero, ostio, 
penitentieria, 
petiolo, 
physiocratia, 
plutocratia, 
pornocratia, 
portiera, 
prelatia, 
presbytia, 
primatia, 
prophetia, 
quartiero, 
question, questionabile, questionar, 
questionario, questionator, 
rattiera, 
rhinoplastia, 
sacristia, 
salatiera, 
sputiera, 
suggestion, suggestionar, 
suprematia, 
technocratia, 
testiera, 
theocratia, 
theomantia, 
tintiera, 
tomatiero, 
tortiera, 
ustion, 
vestiario

-age, -gia

Le littera g generalmente on pronuncia dur, como anglese "good". In le suffixos -age e -gia, g sona como /j/. Le sono /j/ occurre anque in un poco parolas simile, tal como vengiar, a basso. Ecce iste exceptiones:

VOCABULO	PRONUNCIATION
abbordage	abbordaje
acierage	acieraje
adjustage	adjustaje
aerage	aeraje
agiotage	ajotaje
amarage	amaraje
amperage	amperaje
ancorage	ancoraje
apprentissage	apprentissaje
arbitrage	arbitraje
arrangiamento	arranjamento
arrangiar	arranjar
atterrage	atterraje
avantage	avantaje
bagage	bagaje
bandage	bandaje
baronage	baronaje
barrage	barraje
biberage	biberaje
bituminage	bituminaje
bobinage	bobinaje
boiage	boiaje
boscage	boscaje
boycottage	boycottaje
brigantage	brigantaje
bronzage	bronzaje
budget [A]	badjet
budgetar	badjetar
calfatage	calfataje
camouflage [F]	camuflaje
cannage	cannaje
canoage	canoaje
capsulage	capsulaje
carinage	carinaje
carnage	carnaje
cartonage	cartonaje
chaperonage	shaperonaje
commatrage	commatraje
concubinage	concubinaje
contraspionage	contraspionaje
corage	coraje
coragiose	corajose
cordage	cordaje
corsage [F]	corsaje
creosotage	creosotaje
cuneage	cuneaje
curettage	curettaje
cylindrage	cilindraje
damascenage	damascenaje
disavantage	disavantaje
disavantagiose	disavantajose
discassage	discassaje
dismontage	dismontaje
disrangiamento	disranjamento
disrangiar	disranjar
dosage	dosaje
equipage	equipaje
eremitage	eremitaje
essamage	essamaje
essayage	essayaje
etage [F]	etaje
focage	focaje
foliage	foliaje
forgiar	forjar
forrage	forraje
frangiar	franjar
frangiate	franjate
frangiatura	franjatura
frangiero	franjero
fuselage [F]	fuselaje
gage [F]	gaje
garage [F]	garaje
garagista	garajista
gingibre	jinjìbre
ginseng	jìnséng
girafa	jirafa
grilliage	grilliaje
harponage	harponaje
herbage	herbaje
hereditage	hereditaje
homage	homaje
hostage	hostaje
immagazinage	immagazinaje
impaleage	impaleaje
incoragiamento	incorajamento
incoragiar	incorajar
ingagiamento	ingajamento
ingagiar	ingajar
ingagiator	ingajator
ingranage	ingranaje
inragiamento	inrajamento
inragiar	inrajar
jardinage	jardinaje
lavage	lavaje
legier	lejier
legieressa	lejieressa
libertinage	libertinaje
lineage	lineaje
linguage	linguaje
lustrage	lustraje
mangiabile	manjabile
mangiar	manjar
mangiator	manjator
mangiatoria	manjatoria
maritage	maritaje
massage	massaje
menage [F]	menaje
menagerie [F]	menajer∞
mercerisage	mercerisaje
message	messaje
messageria	messajeria
messagero	messajero
mesticiage	mesticiaje
metrage	metraje
mirage	miraje
misusage	misusaje
monetage	monetaje
montage	montaje
multivage	multivaje
nickelage	nickelaje
noctivage	noctivaje
oleage	oleaje
orangeria	oranjeria
orangiada	oranjada
orangiero	oranjero
ostage	ostaje
paisage	paisaje
paisagista	paisajista
passage	passaje
passager	passajer
passagero	passajero
patinage	patinaje
patronage	patronaje
pavage	pavaje
pedage	pedaje
pedagero	pedajero
pelegrinage	pelegrinaje
percentage	percentaje
personage	personaje
photomontage	fotomontaje
piliage	piliaje
pilotage	pilotaje
plumage	plumaje
punctage	punctaje
pupillage	pupillaje
rage	raje
ragiar	rajar
ragiose	rajose
ramage	ramaje
rangiar	ranjar
rastrellage	rastrellaje
reportage	reportaje
rivetage	rivetaje
sabotage	sabotaje
sage	saje
sagessa	sajessa
salvage	salvaje
salvageria	salvajeria
scaliage	scaliaje
semisalvage	semisalvaje
sergente	serjente
servage	servaje
solfeggiar	solfejar
sondage	sondaje
spionage	spionaje
stampage	stampaje
stivage	stivaje
sucrage	sucraje
suffragette [A]	suffrajette
tannage	tannaje
tatuage	tatuaje
telepherage	telepheraje
terrage	terraje
tirage	tiraje
tonnage	tonnaje
tressage	tressaje
tricotage	tricotaje
ultrage	ultraje
ultragiose	ultrajose
usage	usaje
vagabundage	vagabundaje
vassallage	vassallaje
vengiabile	venjabile
vengiantia	venjantia
vengiar	venjar
vengiative	venjative
vengiator	venjator
viage	viaje
viagiar	viajar
viagiator	viajator
viduage	viduaje
village	villaje
villanage	villanaje
visage	visaje
voltage	voltaje
wattage	uattaje
zincage	zincaje

Nota. Le termination -age on non pronuncia -aje in tres casos:

Le parola vage
Parolas que fini per -phage: anthropophage, creophage, hippophage, ichthyophage, lotophage, necrophage, rhizophage
Parolas que fini per -frage: naufrage, saxifrage, xylophage

gue, gui

Generalmente le littera u es pronunciate in le sequentias gue e gui. Ecce le exceptiones:

VOCABULO	PRONUNCIATION
inguirlandar	inghirlandar
guillotina	ghiliotina
guillotinada	ghiliotinada
guillotinamento	ghiliotinamento
guillotinar	ghiliotinar
guirlanda	ghirlanda
guirlandar	ghirlandar
guitarra/gitarra	ghitarra
guitarrista/gitarrista	ghitarrista

que, qui

Generalmente le littera u es pronunciate in le sequentias qua, que, qui e quo; que, qui pote esser anque mute como in le sequente parolas. Nota que multe de illos es parolas preste:

VOCABULO	PRONUNCIATION
Dunkerque [F]	Dunkerke
Marquesas [H]	Markesas
Susquehanna	Suskehanna
alique	alike
arlequin	arlekin
arlequinada	arlekinada
atque	atke
bouquet [F]	boukè
briquette [F]	brikette
cheque [A]	sheke
claque [F]	clake
clique [F]	clike
coquetta	coketta
coquettar	cokettar
coquette	cokette
coquetteria	coketteria
croquet [A]	croket
croquetar	croketar
croquette [F]	crokette
esque	eske
etiquetta	etiketta
etiquettar	etikettar
itaque	itake
kiosque [F]	kioske
mannequin [F]	mannekin
marquis [F]	markis
marquise [F]	markise
mosquitiera	moskitiera
mosquito [H]	moskito
parquet [F]	parkè
perque	perkè
porque	porkè
proque	prokè
qualque	qualke
que	ke
quem	kem
qui	ki
tourniquet [F]	tourniké

w

Le littera w es pronunciate como un v si le vocabulo es de provenientia germanic o como un u breve si illo proveni ex anglese:

VOCABULO	PRONUNCIATION
W.C. [A]	dabliù-Si
wadi	uadi
wafla	uafla
wagon	uegon
waldense	valdense
Waldo, Peter	Valdo, Peter
walzer [G]	valtser
water-closet [A]	uota-closet o uatr-clazet
water-polo [A]	uota-polo o uatr-polo
watt	uot
watt-hora	uot-hora
watta	uota
wattage	uotaje
wattar	uotar
wattimetro	uotimetro
week-end [A]	uik-end
west	uest
westfalic	vestfalic
Westfalia	Vestfalia
whig [A]	uig o huig (archaic)
whisky [A]	uiski o huiski (archaic)
whist [A]	uist o huist (archic)
Wilno [PL]	Vilno
wigwam [A]	uiguam
wolfram [G]	volfram
wolframite	volframite
wombat	uombat
Worms [G]	Vorms

Vide etiam

b:ia:Pronunciation de Interlingua